Pulumi

Figure 1138. Pulumi facts Slide presentation

  1. Infrastructure as code (IAC)

  2. Infrastructure state model like Terraform

  3. Looks imperative but IS actually declarative.

  4. Various language bindings: TypeScript, Python, Go, C#, Java ...


Figure 1139. Sample Slide presentation
Pulumi / Java Terraform 
import com.pulumi.hcloud.Server;       
...
var server = new Server (
   "helloServer",
   ServerArgs.builder()
     .name("hello")
     .image("debian-13")
     .serverType("cx23")
     .location("nbg1")
     .build()
);
 
resource "hcloud_server" "helloServer" {          
  name         = "hello"
  image        =  "debian-13"
  server_type  =  "cx23"
  location     =  "nbg1"
}

Figure 1140. Architecture Slide presentation
Architecture

Figure 1141. Asynchronous execution Slide presentation 
public static void stack(Context ctx) {
   Server node1 = new Server ("Server1", ServerArgs.builder()        
                .name("node1") ... .build()
   );

   Output<String> ipv4Node1 =  node1.ipv4Address();
   ctx.export("Node1 ipv4", ipv4Node1);

   Server node2 = new Server ("Server2", ServerArgs.builder()
                        .name("node2") ... .build()
   );
   ctx.export("Node2 ipv4", node2.ipv4Address());
}

Figure 1142. Executing plan Slide presentation 
$ pulumi up
Previewing update (java):
     Type                    Name        Plan       
 +   pulumi:pulumi:Stack     Hello-java  create     
 +   ├─ hcloud:index:Server  Server2     create     
 +   └─ hcloud:index:Server  Server1     create     

Outputs:
    Node1 ipv4: [unknown]
    Node2 ipv4: [unknown]

Resources:
    + 3 to create

Do you want to perform this update?  [Use arrows to move, type to filter]
> yes
  no
  details

Figure 1143. Execution result Slide presentation 
Updating (java):
     Type                    Name        Status            
 +   pulumi:pulumi:Stack     Hello-java  created (10s)     
 +   ├─ hcloud:index:Server  Server2     created (8s)      
 +   └─ hcloud:index:Server  Server1     created (9s)      

Outputs:
    Node1 ipv4: "88.99.224.53"
    Node2 ipv4: "91.99.143.208"

Resources:
    + 3 created

Duration: 12s

exercise No. 30

Hello server creation

Q:

  1. Install the Pulumi runtime on your system.

  2. Create a Maven based Pulumi project using either of: 

    • pulumi new java  # Maven based

      Adjust parameters in your project's pom.xml at your discretion. 

    • pulumi new java-gradle # Gradle based

  3. Create an environment file defining a HCLOUD_TOKEN environment variable containing your token. You may want to define PULUMI_CONFIG_PASSPHRASE as well.

    Caution

    Do not version related files!
Figure 1144. Using cloud-init Slide presentation 
static private final String cloudInitCode = """
  #cloud-config
  packages:
    - nginx
  runcmd:
    - systemctl enable nginx
    - rm /var/www/html/*
    - echo I am Nginx @ $(dig -4 TXT +short o-o.myaddr.l.google.com @ns1.google.com)
      created $(date -u) >> /var/www/html/index.html""";

var server = new Server ("helloServer", ServerArgs.builder()
     .name("hello")
        ...
     .userData(cloudInitCode)
     .build()
);

Figure 1145. Login by public key Slide presentation 
static private final String sshPublicKeyIdentifier = "userSshPublicKey";
...
final String content = Files.readString(Path.of("/home/goik/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub"));

new SshKey(sshPublicKeyIdentifier, SshKeyArgs.builder()
    .name(sshPublicKeyIdentifier).publicKey(content).build()
);
...
var server = new Server ("helloServer", ServerArgs.builder()
     .name("hello")
        ...
     .sshKeys(sshPublicKeyIdentifier)
     .build()
);

exercise No. 31

ssh keys and cloud-init script

Q:

Extend your previous application by adding:

  1. A login user's ssh public key allowing for remote logins without password.

  2. A cloud-init script as in Working on Cloud-init .

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