Module java.base
Package java.util

Interface SortedSet<E>

Type Parameters:
E - the type of elements maintained by this set
All Superinterfaces:
Collection<E>, Iterable<E>, SequencedCollection<E>, SequencedSet<E>, Set<E>
All Known Subinterfaces:
NavigableSet<E>
All Known Implementing Classes:
ConcurrentSkipListSet, TreeSet
public interface SortedSet<E> extends Set<E>, SequencedSet<E>
A Set that further provides a total ordering on its elements. The elements are ordered using their natural ordering, or by a Comparator typically provided at sorted set creation time. The set's iterator will traverse the set in ascending element order. Several additional operations are provided to take advantage of the ordering. (This interface is the set analogue of SortedMap.)

All elements inserted into a sorted set must implement the Comparable interface (or be accepted by the specified comparator). Furthermore, all such elements must be mutually comparable: e1.compareTo(e2) (or comparator.compare(e1, e2)) must not throw a ClassCastException for any elements e1 and e2 in the sorted set. Attempts to violate this restriction will cause the offending method or constructor invocation to throw a ClassCastException.

Note that the ordering maintained by a sorted set (whether or not an explicit comparator is provided) must be consistent with equals if the sorted set is to correctly implement the Set interface. (See the Comparable interface or Comparator interface for a precise definition of consistent with equals.) This is so because the Set interface is defined in terms of the equals operation, but a sorted set performs all element comparisons using its compareTo (or compare) method, so two elements that are deemed equal by this method are, from the standpoint of the sorted set, equal. The behavior of a sorted set is well-defined even if its ordering is inconsistent with equals; it just fails to obey the general contract of the Set interface.

All general-purpose sorted set implementation classes should provide four "standard" constructors: 1) A void (no arguments) constructor, which creates an empty sorted set sorted according to the natural ordering of its elements. 2) A constructor with a single argument of type Comparator, which creates an empty sorted set sorted according to the specified comparator. 3) A constructor with a single argument of type Collection, which creates a new sorted set with the same elements as its argument, sorted according to the natural ordering of the elements. 4) A constructor with a single argument of type SortedSet, which creates a new sorted set with the same elements and the same ordering as the input sorted set. There is no way to enforce this recommendation, as interfaces cannot contain constructors.

Note: several methods return subsets with restricted ranges. Such ranges are half-open, that is, they include their low endpoint but not their high endpoint (where applicable). If you need a closed range (which includes both endpoints), and the element type allows for calculation of the successor of a given value, merely request the subrange from lowEndpoint to successor(highEndpoint). For example, suppose that s is a sorted set of strings. The following idiom obtains a view containing all of the strings in s from low to high, inclusive:

   SortedSet<String> sub = s.subSet(low, high+"\0");
A similar technique can be used to generate an open range (which contains neither endpoint). The following idiom obtains a view containing all of the Strings in s from low to high, exclusive:
   SortedSet<String> sub = s.subSet(low+"\0", high);

This interface is a member of the Java Collections Framework.

Since:
1.2
See Also:

  • Method Details

    • comparator

      Comparator<? super E> comparator()
      Returns the comparator used to order the elements in this set, or null if this set uses the natural ordering of its elements.
      Returns:
      the comparator used to order the elements in this set, or null if this set uses the natural ordering of its elements

    • subSet

      SortedSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, E toElement)
      Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements range from fromElement, inclusive, to toElement, exclusive. (If fromElement and toElement are equal, the returned set is empty.) The returned set is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set are reflected in this set, and vice-versa. The returned set supports all optional set operations that this set supports.

      The returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.

      Parameters:
      fromElement - low endpoint (inclusive) of the returned set
      toElement - high endpoint (exclusive) of the returned set
      Returns:
      a view of the portion of this set whose elements range from fromElement, inclusive, to toElement, exclusive
      Throws:
      ClassCastException - if fromElement and toElement cannot be compared to one another using this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, using natural ordering). Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this exception if fromElement or toElement cannot be compared to elements currently in the set.
      NullPointerException - if fromElement or toElement is null and this set does not permit null elements
      IllegalArgumentException - if fromElement is greater than toElement; or if this set itself has a restricted range, and fromElement or toElement lies outside the bounds of the range

    • headSet

      SortedSet<E> headSet(E toElement)
      Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are strictly less than toElement. The returned set is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set are reflected in this set, and vice-versa. The returned set supports all optional set operations that this set supports.

      The returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.

      Parameters:
      toElement - high endpoint (exclusive) of the returned set
      Returns:
      a view of the portion of this set whose elements are strictly less than toElement
      Throws:
      ClassCastException - if toElement is not compatible with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, if toElement does not implement Comparable). Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this exception if toElement cannot be compared to elements currently in the set.
      NullPointerException - if toElement is null and this set does not permit null elements
      IllegalArgumentException - if this set itself has a restricted range, and toElement lies outside the bounds of the range

    • tailSet

      SortedSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement)
      Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are greater than or equal to fromElement. The returned set is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set are reflected in this set, and vice-versa. The returned set supports all optional set operations that this set supports.

      The returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.

      Parameters:
      fromElement - low endpoint (inclusive) of the returned set
      Returns:
      a view of the portion of this set whose elements are greater than or equal to fromElement
      Throws:
      ClassCastException - if fromElement is not compatible with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, if fromElement does not implement Comparable). Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this exception if fromElement cannot be compared to elements currently in the set.
      NullPointerException - if fromElement is null and this set does not permit null elements
      IllegalArgumentException - if this set itself has a restricted range, and fromElement lies outside the bounds of the range

    • first

      E first()
      Returns the first (lowest) element currently in this set.
      Returns:
      the first (lowest) element currently in this set
      Throws:
      NoSuchElementException - if this set is empty

    • last

      E last()
      Returns the last (highest) element currently in this set.
      Returns:
      the last (highest) element currently in this set
      Throws:
      NoSuchElementException - if this set is empty

    • spliterator

      default Spliterator<E> spliterator()
      Creates a Spliterator over the elements in this sorted set.

      The Spliterator reports Spliterator.DISTINCT, Spliterator.SORTED and Spliterator.ORDERED. Implementations should document the reporting of additional characteristic values.

      The spliterator's comparator (see Spliterator.getComparator()) must be null if the sorted set's comparator (see comparator()) is null. Otherwise, the spliterator's comparator must be the same as or impose the same total ordering as the sorted set's comparator.

      Specified by:
      spliterator in interface Collection<E>
      Specified by:
      spliterator in interface Iterable<E>
      Specified by:
      spliterator in interface Set<E>
      Implementation Requirements:
      The default implementation creates a late-binding spliterator from the sorted set's Iterator. The spliterator inherits the fail-fast properties of the set's iterator. The spliterator's comparator is the same as the sorted set's comparator.

      The created Spliterator additionally reports Spliterator.SIZED.

      Implementation Note:
      The created Spliterator additionally reports Spliterator.SUBSIZED.
      Returns:
      a Spliterator over the elements in this sorted set
      Since:
      1.8

    • addFirst

      default void addFirst(E e)
      Throws UnsupportedOperationException. The encounter order induced by this set's comparison method determines the position of elements, so explicit positioning is not supported.
      Specified by:
      addFirst in interface SequencedCollection<E>
      Implementation Requirements:
      The implementation in this interface always throws UnsupportedOperationException.
      Parameters:
      e - the element to be added
      Throws:
      UnsupportedOperationException - always
      Since:
      21

    • addLast

      default void addLast(E e)
      Throws UnsupportedOperationException. The encounter order induced by this set's comparison method determines the position of elements, so explicit positioning is not supported.
      Specified by:
      addLast in interface SequencedCollection<E>
      Implementation Requirements:
      The implementation in this interface always throws UnsupportedOperationException.
      Parameters:
      e - the element to be added.
      Throws:
      UnsupportedOperationException - always
      Since:
      21

    • getFirst

      default E getFirst()
      Gets the first element of this collection.
      Specified by:
      getFirst in interface SequencedCollection<E>
      Implementation Requirements:
      The implementation in this interface returns the result of calling the first method.
      Returns:
      the retrieved element
      Throws:
      NoSuchElementException - if this collection is empty
      Since:
      21

    • getLast

      default E getLast()
      Gets the last element of this collection.
      Specified by:
      getLast in interface SequencedCollection<E>
      Implementation Requirements:
      The implementation in this interface returns the result of calling the last method.
      Returns:
      the retrieved element
      Throws:
      NoSuchElementException - if this collection is empty
      Since:
      21

    • removeFirst

      default E removeFirst()
      Removes and returns the first element of this collection (optional operation).
      Specified by:
      removeFirst in interface SequencedCollection<E>
      Implementation Requirements:
      The implementation in this interface calls the first method to obtain the first element, then it calls remove(element) to remove the element, and then it returns the element.
      Returns:
      the removed element
      Throws:
      NoSuchElementException - if this collection is empty
      UnsupportedOperationException - if this collection implementation does not support this operation
      Since:
      21

    • removeLast

      default E removeLast()
      Removes and returns the last element of this collection (optional operation).
      Specified by:
      removeLast in interface SequencedCollection<E>
      Implementation Requirements:
      The implementation in this interface calls the last method to obtain the last element, then it calls remove(element) to remove the element, and then it returns the element.
      Returns:
      the removed element
      Throws:
      NoSuchElementException - if this collection is empty
      UnsupportedOperationException - if this collection implementation does not support this operation
      Since:
      21

    • reversed

      default SortedSet<E> reversed()
      Returns a reverse-ordered view of this collection. The encounter order of elements in the returned view is the inverse of the encounter order of elements in this collection. The reverse ordering affects all order-sensitive operations, including those on the view collections of the returned view. If the collection implementation permits modifications to this view, the modifications "write through" to the underlying collection. Changes to the underlying collection might or might not be visible in this reversed view, depending upon the implementation.
      Specified by:
      reversed in interface SequencedCollection<E>
      Specified by:
      reversed in interface SequencedSet<E>
      Implementation Requirements:
      The implementation in this interface returns a reverse-ordered SortedSet view. The reversed() method of the view returns a reference to this SortedSet. Other operations on the view are implemented via calls to public methods on this SortedSet. The exact relationship between calls on the view and calls on this SortedSet is unspecified. However, order-sensitive operations generally delegate to the appropriate method with the opposite orientation. For example, calling getFirst on the view results in a call to getLast on this SortedSet.
      Returns:
      a reverse-ordered view of this collection, as a SortedSet
      Since:
      21